In Ayurvedic literature, the concept of ‘Kala’ holds an important anatomical and physiological significance. Rooted in classical texts, Kala refers to the internal linings or membranes that separate and protect the body tissues (dhatus) and organs (ashayas).
Definition of Kala
The classical definition of Kala is mentioned in the Sushruta Samhita:
धात्वाशयान्तरमर्यादाः ।
(Su. Sha. 4/5)
This means Kala is the boundary or inner lining between the dhatus and the organs. In modern anatomical terms, it is often compared to mucous membranes or serous membranes that secrete or support the production of specific bodily substances.
Formation of Kala
The formation of kala occurs during intrauterine life, as described in Ashtanga Hridaya:
धात्वाशयान्तरक्लेदो विपक्वाः स्वं स्वमुष्मणा ।
श्लेष्मस्नाय्यपराच्छत्रः कलाख्यः काष्ठसारवत् ॥
(A. Hr. Sha. 3/9)
This shloka explains that the moisture (kleda) present between the dhatus and ashayas, when influenced by body heat (ushma), gets processed and transformed into kala. It forms a membrane-like structure, similar to resin on wood, which lines and supports various organs and tissues.
Seven Types of Kala and Their Locations
Ayurveda describes seven types of kalas, each associated with specific tissues and organs:
| Kala | Location |
|---|---|
| Mamsadhara Kala | Muscular tissues – Sira, Snayu, Strotas |
| Raktadhara Kala | Blood-holding organs – Yakrit (liver), Pleeha (spleen), Dhamanis |
| Medodhara Kala | Fatty tissues – Udara (abdomen), Anu Asthi (small bones) |
| Shleshmadhara Kala | Joints – Sandhi |
| Purishadhara Kala | Large intestine – Pakvashaya (colon) |
| Pittadhara Kala | Digestive fire – Grahani (small intestine) |
| Shukradhara Kala | Reproductive essence – Present throughout the body |
The concept of Kala provides a deeper understanding of how the body maintains internal balance and protects vital structures. By mapping these membranes to functional zones within the body, Ayurveda offers a holistic perspective on anatomy that integrates structure with function, supporting both diagnosis and treatment.